Description
Plots a three dimensional (3D) point cloud.
Usage
scatterplot3d(x, y=NULL, z=NULL, color=par("col"), pch=par("pch"), main=NULL, sub=NULL, xlim=NULL, ylim=NULL, zlim=NULL, xlab=NULL, ylab=NULL, zlab=NULL, scale.y=1, angle=40, axis=TRUE, tick.marks=TRUE, label.tick.marks=TRUE, x.ticklabs=NULL, y.ticklabs=NULL, z.ticklabs=NULL, y.margin.add=0, y.axis.offset=1, grid=TRUE, box=TRUE, lab=par("lab"), lab.z=mean(lab[1:2]), type="p", highlight.3d=FALSE, mar=c(5,3,4,3)+0.1, bg=par("bg"), col.axis=par("col.axis"), col.grid="grey", col.lab=par("col.lab"), cex.symbols=par("cex"), cex.axis=0.8 * par("cex.axis"), cex.lab=par("cex.lab"), font.axis=par("font.axis"), font.lab=par("font.lab"), lty.axis=par("lty"), lty.grid=par("lty"), lty.hide=NULL, lty.hplot=par("lty"), log="", asp=NA, ...)Arguments
x | the coordinates of points in the plot. |
y | the y coordinates of points in the plot, optional if |
z | the z coordinates of points in the plot, optional if |
color | colors of points in the plot, optional if |
pch | plotting "character", i.e. symbol to use. |
main | an overall title for the plot. |
sub | sub-title. |
xlim, ylim, zlim | the x, y and z limits (min, max) of the plot. Note that setting enlarged limits may not work as exactly as expected (a known but unfixed bug). |
xlab, ylab, zlab | titles for the x, y and z axis. |
scale.y | scale of y axis related to x- and z axis. |
angle | angle between x and y axis (Attention: result depends on scaling). |
axis | a logical value indicating whether axes should be drawn on the plot. |
tick.marks | a logical value indicating whether tick marks shouldbe drawn on the plot (only if |
label.tick.marks | a logical value indicating whether tick marks should be labeled on the plot(only if |
x.ticklabs, y.ticklabs, z.ticklabs | vector of tick mark labels. |
y.margin.add | add additional space between tick mark labels andaxis label of the y axis |
y.axis.offset | a numeric (default 1) specifying the offset of y axis tick mark labels from the axis, see offset argument of |
grid | a logical value indicating whether a grid should be drawn on the plot. |
box | a logical value indicating whether a box should be drawn around the plot. |
lab | a numerical vector of the form c(x, y, len). The values ofx and y give the (approximate) number of tickmarks on the x and y axes. |
lab.z | the same as |
type | character indicating the type of plot: "p" for points, "l"for lines, "h" for vertical lines to x-y-plane, etc. |
highlight.3d | points will be drawn in different colors related to y coordinates(only if |
mar | A numerical vector of the form c(bottom, left, top, right)which gives the lines of margin to be specified on the four sides of the plot.See section Values on how to change the setting back to the default / previous setting. |
bg | background (fill) color for the open plot symbols given by pch = 21:25. |
col.axis, col.grid, col.lab | the color to be used for axis / grid / axis labels. |
cex.symbols | the magnification to be used for point symbols. |
cex.axis, cex.lab | the magnification to be used foraxis annotation and labels relative to the current. |
font.axis, font.lab | the font to be used for axis annotation / labels. |
lty.axis, lty.grid | the line type to be used for axis / grid. |
lty.hide | line style used to plot ‘non-visible’ edges (defaults of the |
lty.hplot | the line type to be used for vertical segments with |
log | Not yet implemented! A character string which contains "x"(if the x axis is to be logarithmic), "y", "z", "xy", "xz", "yz", "xyz". |
asp | numeric, giving the aspect ratio z/x or z/y, see ‘Note’. |
... | more graphical parameters can be given as arguments, |
Value
xyz.convert | function which converts coordinates from 3D (x, y, z)to 2D-projection (x, y) of |
points3d | function which draws points or lines into the existing plot. |
plane3d | function which draws a plane into the existing plot: |
box3d | function which “refreshes” the box surrounding the plot. |
contour3d | function which draws countour lines into the existing plot: |
par.mar | As the function modifies the |
Note
Some graphical parameters should only be set as arguments inscatterplot3d but not in a previous par() call. One of these ismar, which is also non-standard in another way: Users whowant to extend an existing scatterplot3d graphic with another function thanpoints3d, plane3d or box3d, should consider toset par(mar = c(b, l, t, r)) to the value of mar used inscatterplot3d, which defaults to c(5, 3, 4, 3) + 0.1.
Other par arguments may be split into several arguments inscatterplot3d, e.g., for specifying the line type. And finallysome of par arguments do not apply here, e.g., many of thosefor axis calculation. So we recommend to try the specification ofgraphical parameters at first as arguments in scatterplot3d andonly if needed as arguments in previous par() call.
If asp is a finite positive value then the window is set up so that onedata unit in the x or y direction (the one that ist plotted horizontally- depends on angle -) is equal in length to asp ×one data unit in the z direction.The variation of asp is only reasonable if the default valuesx.ticklabs=NULL, y.ticklabs=NULL, z.ticklabs=NULL are not changed.
Author(s)
Uwe Ligges [emailprotected], Martin Maechler, Sarah Schnackenberg
References
Ligges, U., and Maechler, M. (2003): Scatterplot3d – an R Package for Visualizing Multivariate Data. Journal of Statistical Software 8(11), 1–20. doi:10.18637/jss.v008.i11
See Also
persp, plot, par.
Examples
## On some devices not all colors can be displayed. ## Try the postscript device or use highlight.3d = FALSE. ## example 1 z <- seq(-10, 10, 0.01) x <- cos(z) y <- sin(z) scatterplot3d(x, y, z, highlight.3d=TRUE, col.axis="blue", col.grid="lightblue", main="scatterplot3d - 1", pch=20, mar=c(0,0,0,0)) ## example 2 temp <- seq(-pi, 0, length = 50) x <- c(rep(1, 50) %*% t(cos(temp))) y <- c(cos(temp) %*% t(sin(temp))) z <- c(sin(temp) %*% t(sin(temp))) scatterplot3d(x, y, z, highlight.3d=TRUE, col.axis="blue", col.grid="lightblue", main="scatterplot3d - 2", pch=20) ## example 3 temp <- seq(-pi, 0, length = 50) x <- c(rep(1, 50) %*% t(cos(temp))) y <- c(cos(temp) %*% t(sin(temp))) z <- 10 * c(sin(temp) %*% t(sin(temp))) color <- rep("green", length(x)) temp <- seq(-10, 10, 0.01) x <- c(x, cos(temp)) y <- c(y, sin(temp)) z <- c(z, temp) color <- c(color, rep("red", length(temp))) scatterplot3d(x, y, z, color, pch=20, zlim=c(-2, 10), main="scatterplot3d - 3") ## example 4 my.mat <- matrix(runif(25), nrow=5) dimnames(my.mat) <- list(LETTERS[1:5], letters[11:15]) my.mat # the matrix we want to plot ... s3d.dat <- data.frame(cols=as.vector(col(my.mat)), rows=as.vector(row(my.mat)), value=as.vector(my.mat)) scatterplot3d(s3d.dat, type="h", lwd=5, pch=" ", x.ticklabs=colnames(my.mat), y.ticklabs=rownames(my.mat), color=grey(25:1/40), main="scatterplot3d - 4") ## example 5 data(trees) s3d <- scatterplot3d(trees, type="h", highlight.3d=TRUE, angle=55, scale.y=0.7, pch=16, main="scatterplot3d - 5") # Now adding some points to the "scatterplot3d" s3d$points3d(seq(10,20,2), seq(85,60,-5), seq(60,10,-10), col="blue", type="h", pch=16) # Now adding a regression plane to the "scatterplot3d" attach(trees) my.lm <- lm(Volume ~ Girth + Height) s3d$plane3d(my.lm, lty.box = "solid") ## example 6; by Martin Maechler cubedraw <- function(res3d, min = 0, max = 255, cex = 2, text. = FALSE) { ## Purpose: Draw nice cube with corners cube01 <- rbind(c(0,0,1), 0, c(1,0,0), c(1,1,0), 1, c(0,1,1), # < 6 outer c(1,0,1), c(0,1,0)) # <- "inner": fore- & back-ground cub <- min + (max-min)* cube01 ## visibile corners + lines: res3d$points3d(cub[c(1:6,1,7,3,7,5) ,], cex = cex, type = 'b', lty = 1) ## hidden corner + lines res3d$points3d(cub[c(2,8,4,8,6), ], cex = cex, type = 'b', lty = 3) if(text.)## debug text(res3d$xyz.convert(cub), labels=1:nrow(cub), col='tomato', cex=2) } ## 6 a) The named colors in R, i.e. colors() cc <- colors() crgb <- t(col2rgb(cc)) par(xpd = TRUE) rr <- scatterplot3d(crgb, color = cc, box = FALSE, angle = 24, xlim = c(-50, 300), ylim = c(-50, 300), zlim = c(-50, 300)) cubedraw(rr) ## 6 b) The rainbow colors from rainbow(201) rbc <- rainbow(201) Rrb <- t(col2rgb(rbc)) rR <- scatterplot3d(Rrb, color = rbc, box = FALSE, angle = 24, xlim = c(-50, 300), ylim = c(-50, 300), zlim = c(-50, 300)) cubedraw(rR) rR$points3d(Rrb, col = rbc, pch = 16)